The Kirkpatrick Model is a four-level framework for evaluating training programs, progressing from learner reaction through to measurable business results. It is the most widely used training evaluation model.
Why it matters#
Most training programs are evaluated only at Level 1 — a post-course survey. The Kirkpatrick Model makes explicit that reaction data is the weakest form of evidence. Working up through the levels gives a complete picture of whether the training actually changed behaviour and delivered business value. Starting the design process at Level 4 and working backwards also ensures that training is aligned to real outcomes from the start.